The script calculates and displays a technical indicator called "R-Squared" and a "Signal" line on a trading chart. Here's a breakdown of what the script does in plain terms:
-
Purpose: The script helps traders visualize how well a moving average fits the price data over a certain period. R-squared, in this context, tries to quantify the strength of a trend. The signal line aims to smooth out and highlight the main direction of the r-squared values.
-
Inputs: The script takes several inputs, which are settings that the trader can adjust to customize the indicator:
- nLength: This determines the length of the period over which the R-squared calculation is performed. Think of it as looking back a certain number of bars (periods) on the chart.
- MA_Period: This sets the period for calculating a Moving Average, which is used as an input for the R-squared calculation.
- MA_Method: The type of moving average to use (e.g., Simple Moving Average, Exponential Moving Average).
- MA_Price: Which price point (e.g., close, open, weighted) is used to calculate the moving average.
- Smooth: This controls the smoothing of the R-squared values to generate the Signal line. A larger value will result in a smoother signal.
- Shift: Allows you to shift the indicator forward or backward on the chart.
-
R-Squared Calculation:
- The script first calculates a Moving Average of the price data.
- Then, for each bar on the chart (going back from the most recent), it calculates the R-squared value based on how well a straight line fits the moving average data over the
nLength
period. - In essence, it tries to see how much of the variance in the moving average can be explained by a simple linear trend.
- A higher R-squared value (closer to 100) suggests a stronger trend (either up or down), meaning the moving average data points closely follow a straight line. A lower value indicates a weaker trend or more random price movement.
-
Signal Line Calculation:
- The script takes the calculated R-squared values and smooths them out using a moving average with a period defined by the
Smooth
input. - This smoothing process creates the "Signal" line. It is intended to provide a clearer view of the overall trend in the R-squared values, filtering out some of the noise.
- The script takes the calculated R-squared values and smooths them out using a moving average with a period defined by the
-
Display:
- The script displays the R-Squared values as one line on the chart.
- It also displays the smoothed "Signal" line on the chart.
- A horizontal line is drawn at the 50 level, acting as a reference.
In short, this script combines a moving average with an R-squared calculation to provide a measure of trend strength, and then smooths the result to generate a signal line for easier interpretation.
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| R-Squared_v1.mq5 |
//| Copyright © 2006, TrendLaboratory |
//| http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/TrendLaboratory |
//| E-mail: igorad2003@yahoo.co.uk |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//---- author of the indicator
#property copyright "Copyright © 2006, TrendLaboratory"
//---- author of the indicator
#property link "http://finance.groups.yahoo.com/group/TrendLaboratory"
//---- indicator version number
#property version "1.00"
//---- drawing indicator in a separate window
#property indicator_separate_window
//---- two buffers are used for calculation of drawing of the indicator
#property indicator_buffers 2
//---- two plots are used
#property indicator_plots 2
//+----------------------------------------------+
//| R-Squared_v1 indicator drawing parameters |
//+----------------------------------------------+
//---- drawing indicator 1 as a line
#property indicator_type1 DRAW_LINE
//---- MediumVioletRed color is used as the color of the indicator basic line
#property indicator_color1 clrMediumVioletRed
//---- line of the indicator 1 is a continuous curve
#property indicator_style1 STYLE_SOLID
//---- thickness of line of the indicator 1 is equal to 1
#property indicator_width1 1
//---- displaying the indicator line label
#property indicator_label1 "R-Squared_v1"
//+----------------------------------------------+
//| Signal line drawing parameter |
//+----------------------------------------------+
//---- drawing the indicator 2 as a line
#property indicator_type2 DRAW_LINE
//---- MediumSlateBlue color is used for the indicator signal line
#property indicator_color2 clrMediumSlateBlue
//---- the indicator 2 line is a continuous curve
#property indicator_style2 STYLE_SOLID
//---- indicator 2 line width is equal to 1
#property indicator_width2 1
//---- displaying the indicator line label
#property indicator_label2 "Signal"
//+----------------------------------------------+
//| Parameters of displaying horizontal levels |
//+----------------------------------------------+
#property indicator_level1 50.0
#property indicator_levelcolor clrLimeGreen
#property indicator_levelstyle STYLE_DASHDOTDOT
//+----------------------------------------------+
//| Declaration of constants |
//+----------------------------------------------+
#define RESET 0 // the constant for getting the command for the indicator recalculation back to the terminal
//+----------------------------------------------+
//| Indicator input parameters |
//+----------------------------------------------+
input uint nLength = 12; // indicator period
input uint MA_Period = 5; // moving average period
input ENUM_MA_METHOD MA_Method = MODE_SMA; // moving average smoothing method
input ENUM_APPLIED_PRICE MA_Price = PRICE_WEIGHTED; // price constant
input uint Smooth = 14; // moving period
input int Shift = 0; // Horizontal shift of the indicator in bars
//+----------------------------------------------+
//---- declaration of dynamic arrays that
//---- will be used as indicator buffers
double IndBuffer[];
double SignalBuffer[];
//---- declaration of integer variables for the indicators handles
int MA_Handle;
//---- declaration of the integer variables for the start of data calculation
int min_rates_,min_rates_total,Length;
double SumX,SumX2;
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Custom indicator initialization function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnInit()
{
//---- initialization of variables of the start of data calculation
min_rates_=int(MathMax(MathMax(MA_Period,nLength),Smooth));
Length=int(nLength);
min_rates_total=int(min_rates_+Length+Smooth);
SumX=0;
for(int i=0; i<Length; i++) SumX+=i+1;
SumX2=0;
for(int i=0; i<Length; i++) SumX2+=MathPow(i+1,2);
//---- getting the iMA indicator handle
MA_Handle=iMA(NULL,0,MA_Period,0,MA_Method,MA_Price);
if(MA_Handle==INVALID_HANDLE)
{
Print(" Failed to get handle of the iMA indicator");
return(1);
}
//---- set IndBuffer[] dynamic array as an indicator buffer
SetIndexBuffer(0,IndBuffer,INDICATOR_DATA);
//---- shifting indicator 1 horizontally by Shift
PlotIndexSetInteger(0,PLOT_SHIFT,Shift);
//---- shifting the starting point of the indicator 1 drawing by min_rates_total
PlotIndexSetInteger(0,PLOT_DRAW_BEGIN,min_rates_total);
//---- setting the indicator values that won't be visible on a chart
PlotIndexSetDouble(0,PLOT_EMPTY_VALUE,EMPTY_VALUE);
//---- indexing buffer elements as time series
ArraySetAsSeries(IndBuffer,true);
//---- set SignalBuffer[] dynamic array as an indicator buffer
SetIndexBuffer(1,SignalBuffer,INDICATOR_DATA);
//---- shifting the indicator 2 horizontally by Shift
PlotIndexSetInteger(1,PLOT_SHIFT,Shift);
//---- shifting the starting point of the indicator 2 drawing by min_rates_total
PlotIndexSetInteger(1,PLOT_DRAW_BEGIN,min_rates_total);
//---- setting the indicator values that won't be visible on a chart
PlotIndexSetDouble(1,PLOT_EMPTY_VALUE,EMPTY_VALUE);
//---- indexing buffer elements as time series
ArraySetAsSeries(SignalBuffer,true);
//---- initializations of variable for indicator short name
string shortname="R-Squared_v1";
//---- creating name for displaying if separate sub-window and in tooltip
IndicatorSetString(INDICATOR_SHORTNAME,shortname);
//---- determine the accuracy of displaying indicator values
IndicatorSetInteger(INDICATOR_DIGITS,_Digits);
//----
return(0);
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
//| Custom indicator iteration function |
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
int OnCalculate(const int rates_total, // number of bars in history at the current tick
const int prev_calculated,// amount of history in bars at the previous tick
const datetime &time[],
const double &open[],
const double& high[], // price array of price maximums for the indicator calculation
const double& low[], // price array of minimums of price for the indicator calculation
const double &close[],
const long &tick_volume[],
const long &volume[],
const int &spread[])
{
//---- checking for the sufficiency of bars for the calculation
if(BarsCalculated(MA_Handle)<rates_total || rates_total<min_rates_total) return(RESET);
//---- declaration of local variables
int limit,to_copy,bar;
double SumY,SumY2,SumXY,Q1,Q2,Q3,res,SumR,MA[];
//---- indexing elements in arrays as timeseries
ArraySetAsSeries(MA,true);
//---- calculation of the 'first' starting number for the bars recalculation loop
if(prev_calculated>rates_total || prev_calculated<=0) // checking for the first start of the indicator calculation
{
limit=rates_total-min_rates_; // starting index for the calculation of all bars
}
else limit=rates_total-prev_calculated; // starting index for calculation of new bars
//----
to_copy=MathMin(limit+Length,rates_total);
//---- copy newly appeared data into the arrays
if(CopyBuffer(MA_Handle,0,0,to_copy,MA)<=0) return(RESET);
//---- main loop of the indicator calculation
for(bar=limit; bar>=0 && !IsStopped(); bar--)
{
SumY=0;
for(int i=0; i<Length; i++) SumY+=MA[bar+i];
SumY2=0;
for(int i=0; i<Length; i++) SumY2+=MathPow(MA[bar+i],2);
SumXY=0;
for(int i=0; i<Length; i++) SumXY+=(i+1)*MA[bar+i];
Q1=SumXY-SumX*SumY/Length;
Q2=SumX2-SumX*SumX/Length;
Q3=SumY2-SumY*SumY/Length;
res=Q2*Q3;
if(res) IndBuffer[bar]=100*Q1*Q1/res;
else IndBuffer[bar]=0.0;
SumR=0;
for(int i=0; i<int(Smooth); i++) SumR+=IndBuffer[bar+i];
SignalBuffer[bar]=SumR/Smooth;
}
//----
return(rates_total);
}
//+------------------------------------------------------------------+
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